Tugas 10 : Spoof, Explanation, News Item, Discussion, and Report Text

Name : Ferbawanti. S (47)

SPOOF TEXT

According to Kamil (2011), Spoof is a text which tells factual story, happened in the past time with unpredictable and funny ending. Its social function is to entertain and share the story.

EXPLANATION TEXT

According to Bruce (2010), Explanations explain exactly how stuff works or why something is the way it is.

NEWS ITEM, DISCUSSION, REPORT TEXT

According to Marpudin (2010), news item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered newsworthy or important. Discussion is a text which present a problematic discourse. This problem will be discussed from different viewpoints. Discussion is commonly found in philosophical, historic, and social text. Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as a result of systematic observation and analysis.

From the passages above, it can be assumed that spoof text is a text which contains humor and funny moments. Explanation text is a text which explain about something. News Item text is a text which inform about current event that is important. Discussion text is a text which discuss about a problematic discourse. And report text is a text which inform about an observation or analysis.

References:

Bruce, Adrian.(2010). Explanation Text Type. Retrieved from: (http://www.adrianbruce.com/writing/explanation/explanation_definition.htm)

Kamil, Suhaily.(2011). Penjelasan Spoof Text. Retrieved from: (http://suhailykamil.wordpress.com/2011/01/07/penjelasan-spoof-text/)

Marpudin.(2010). Definisi Jenis-jenis Text Bahasa Inggris. Retrieved from: (http://marpudin.wordpress.com/2010/10/13/definisi-jenis-jenis-teks-bahasa-inggris-genre/)

Tugas 9 : Narrative, Descriptive, Expository, Procedure, and Recount Text

Name : Ferbawanti. S (47)

NARRATIVE TEXT

According to Isdaryanto (2012), narrative text is a text which contains about story (fiction/non fiction/tales/folktales/fables/myths/epic) and its plot consists of climax of the story (complication) then followed by the resolution.

A narrative text is a text amuse, entertain and deal with actual or vicarious experience in different ways. Narrative deal with problematic events which lead to a crisis or turning point of some kind, which in turn finds a resolution.

DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

According to Nurmansyah (2009), Descriptive Text is a text which says what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing.

EXPOSITORY TEXT

According to Nordquist (2009), expository text is a text which is intended to give information about (or an explanation of) an issue, subject, method, or idea.

 

PROCEDURE TEXT

 

According to Gatzke (2003);

-        The purpose of a procedure is to tell the reader how to do or make something.

-        The information is presented in a logical sequence of events, which is broken up into small sequenced steps.

-        The most common example of a procedural text is a recipe.

RECOUNT TEXT

According to Purwanti (2011), recount text is a text which retells events or experiences in the past. Its purpose is either to inform or to entertain the audience.

From the passages above, it can be assumed that narrative text is a text which contains climax and resolution and can entertain the readers; Descriptive text is a text which describe about something; Expository text is a text which give information about something; Procedure text is a text which tell the readers how to do something in a sequence of steps; Recount text is a text which tell the readers about past events.

References :

Gatzke.(2003). Procedural Text. Retrieved from: (http://www.google.co.id/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=13&ved=0CFgQFjACOAo&url=http%3A%2F%2Factivemindsactivebodies.wikispaces.com%2Ffile%2Fview%2FProcedural%2BText.doc&ei=F8nUT8OeKozjrAe7u9z8Dw&usg=AFQjCNEm6xNxb0bdh6VLbZlysfE64CQX7g&sig2=eLTxK-FmOXdRqqEE9-yr9A)

Isdaryanto.(2012). Definition of Narrative Text. Retrieved from: (http://www.isdaryanto.com/definition-of-narrative-text)

Nordquist, Richard.(2009). Exposition. Retrieved from: (http://grammar.about.com/od/e/g/expositionterm.htm)

Nurmansyah, Dudie.(2009). Descriptive Text. Retrieved from: (http://dudienurmansyah.blogspot.com/2009/09/descriptive-text-definition-and-purpose.html)

Purwanti, Yayuk.(2011). Recount Text. Retrieved from: (http://englishbontang.blogspot.com/2011/08/recount-text-definition-sample.html)

Tugas 8 : Traditional/Conventional Reading Teaching Technique

Name : Ferbawanti. S (47)

According to Uwameiye (2008), conventional method is a traditional method of teaching where the teacher transmits information (subject matter content) verbally to his/her students, sometimes writing on the blackboard or using instructional materials. The students listen and take notes of facts and ideas that are considered important and also sometimes asking the teacher questions for clarification.

From the passages above, it can be conclude that conventional reading teaching technique is a technique in which the teacher become the controller (or teacher-centred approach) and the students just respond what the teacher ask and they study in silent way.

Reference : Uwameiye, R.(2008). Effect of Team Teaching on the Academic Achievement of Students in Introductory Technology. Retrieved from: (http://www.itdl.org/Journal/Oct_08/article05.htm)

Tugas 7 : Readability Test

Name : Ferbawanti . S (47)

According to Dictionary Definition (2009), readability is defined as reading ease, especially as it results from a writing style. Extensive research has shown that easy-reading text improves comprehension, retention, reading speed, and reading persistence.

From the definition, it can be concluded that readability test is a test which measuring the level of a text. It can be from the context, the style of writing and the structure.

Reference : Dictionary Definition.(2009). Definition of Readability. Retrieved from: (http://readability.askdefine.com/)

Tugas 6 : Reading Comprehension Level

Name : Ferbawanti. S (47)

According to Berry (2005), there are three different levels of reading comprehension. These three different levels of comprehension can be called as the literal level, the interpretive level and the applied level.

1.      Literal Level

            The first level of comprehension can be called the literal level for the sake of wording because it is the most simple.  At this level the reader or student can attempt to answer the question:   Question:   What did the author say?

            At this level, you would not have to understand the true meaning of a paragraph, however, you could memorize the information.  Instructors might ask you to read a chapter dealing with dates or specific facts.  At the literal level, you would memorize these dates and facts.  However, even though you have memorized these facts, this does not mean that you necessarily understand their full meaning or see the implication of these dates and facts applied to other situations.  At the literal level, you are looking at what was written by an author at “face value”, little interpretation is needed.

2.      Interpretive Level

            The second level of comprehension is called the interpretive level.  At the interpretive level the reader or student can attempt to answer this question:   Question: What was meant by what was said?

            At this level, the readers are attempting to understand what the author meant by what s/he said in the story, paragraph or textbook.  It is presumed that you have already memorized certain facts at the literal level and now you are attempting to see the implications of the author’s words.  At this level, you are attempting to “read between the lines.” as they say.  At this level, you are attempting to understand that which you memorized at the literal level of comprehension.

3.      Applied Level

            The last level is called the applied level.  At this level the reader or student can attempt to answer this question:   Question:  How would the author’s message apply to other situations given what you memorized and understood at the other two levels?

            At this level, you are attempting to elevate or raise your thinking one more “notch” or level to a more critical, analyzing level.  This presumes that you have already reached the previous two levels.  At this level, you are “reading between the lines” and then examining the message from the author and attempting to apply that message to other settings. 

From the passages above, can be concluded that :

There are three levels of reading comprehension, literal, interpretive and applied level. Literal level is a level in which the readers are trying to understand what did the author say in the text. Interpretive level is a level in which the readers are trying to understand the implications of the text or what the author meant in the text. And applied level is a level in which the readers already reached the previous two levels and they are trying to apply the author’s message to other settings.

Reference : Berry, James.H. (2005). Levels of Reading Comprehension. Retrieved from: (http://www.google.co.id/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=reading+comprehension+level&source)